mycobacterias
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Bacteria in the genus Mycobacterium are slender, aerobic rods that grow in straight or branching chains. Mycobacterium have a waxy cell wall composed of mycolic acid, which makes them acid fast, meaning they will retain stains even on treatment with a mixture of acid and alcohol. Mycobacteria stain weakly positive with Gram stain.
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for most cases of tuberculosis; the reservoir of infection is humans with active tuberculosis.
Oropharyngeal and intestinal tuberculosis contracted by drinking milk contaminated with Mycobacterium bovis is rare in developed nations, but it is still seen in countries that have tuberculous dairy cows and unpasteurized milk.
Pathology
mycobacterial pneumonitis
mycobacterial adenitis
mycobacterial meningitis
mycobacterial osteitis
mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor (mycobacterial pseudotumor)
References
Nguyen L, Pieters J. The Trojan horse: survival tactics of pathogenic mycobacteria in macrophages. Trends Cell Biol. 2005 May;15(5):269-76. PMID: #15866031#
Russell DG. Mycobacterium and Leishmania: stowaways in the endosomal network. Trends Cell Biol. 1995 Mar;5(3):125-8. PMID: #14732168#