verrucous hemangioma
Definition: The term verrucous hemangioma has been used to describe a congenital vascular anomaly with a progressive verrucous epidermal surface persisting throughout life unless surgically excised.
Verrucous hemangioma are reminiscent of infantile hemangioma with GLUT1 immunopositivity, particularly in its involutive phase. No firm conclusion seems possible as to whether verrucous hemangioma is a malformation or an indolent tumor, but clinical evidence favors the former category. (#16780464#)
Recent evidence suggests that some of these lesions may share histologic features of both hemangiomas and malformations, thereby causing nosologic confusion.
Synopsis
combined vascular malformations composed of capillaries, lymphatics, and veins
hyperkeratotic epidermis
small, thick-walled, blood-filled vessels with multilamellated basement membrane involving the entire dermis as well as the subcutis.
thick vascular walls
multilamellated basement membrane
relatively uniform channel size
Immunochemistry
+/- focal GLUT1 endothelial positivity
low-level MIB-1 reactivity
Variants
congenital verrucous hemangioma
Differential diagnosis
hyperkeratotic vascular lesions
- capillary-lymphatic malformation
- capillary-venous malformation
- angiokeratoma circumscriptum
- angiokeratoma
- angiokeratoma circumscriptum
See also
vascular tumors
- congenital hemangioma
- RICH
- NICH
References
Brown A, Warren S, Losken HW, Morrell DS. Verrucous lymphovascular malformation versus verrucous hemangioma: controversial nomenclature. Cutis. 2008 May;81(5):390-6.PMID: #18543587#
Tennant LB, Mulliken JB, Perez-Atayde AR, Kozakewich HP. Verrucous hemangioma revisited. Pediatr Dermatol. 2006 May-Jun;23(3):208-15. PMID: #16780464#